植物學

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植物結構

Are Plants Computers?  

35.1 Plants have a hierarchical

organization consisting of

organs, tissues, and cells

Basic Vascular Plant Organs: Roots, Stems, and Leaves  

Dermal, Vascular, and Ground Tissues  

Common Types of Plant Cells  

 

Examples of Differentiated Plant Cells  

35.2 Different meristems generate

new cells for primary and

secondary growth

35.3 Primary growth lengthens

roots and shoots

Primary Growth of Roots 

Primary Growth of Shoots  

35.4 Secondary growth increases

the diameter of stems and roots

in woody plants

The Vascular Cambium and Secondary Vascular Tissue  

The Cork Cambium and the Production of Periderm  

Evolution of Secondary Growth  

35.5 Growth, morphogenesis, and

cell differentiation produce

the plant body  

Model Organisms: Revolutionizing the Study of Plants  

Growth: Cell Division and Cell Expansion  

Morphogenesis and Pattern Formation  

Gene Expression and the Control of Cell Differentiation  

Shifts in Development: Phase Changes 

Genetic Control of Flowering  

 

 

運輸

A Whole Lot of Shaking Going On  

36.1 Adaptations for acquiring

resources were key steps in the

evolution of vascular plants

Shoot Architecture and Light Capture 

Root Architecture and Acquisition of Water and Minerals  

 

36.2 Different mechanisms transport

substances over short or long

distances

The Apoplast and Symplast: Transport Continuums  

Short-Distance Transport of Solutes Across Plasma Membranes  

Short-Distance Transport of Water Across Plasma Membranes  

Long-Distance Transport: The Role of Bulk flow  

 

36.3 Transpiration drives the transport

of water and minerals from roots

to shoots via the xylem

Absorption of Water and Minerals by Root Cells  

Transport of Water and Minerals into the xylem  

Bulk flow Transport via the xylem 

xylem Sap Ascent by Bulk flow: A Review  

36.4 The rate of transpiration

is regulated by stomata

Stomata: Major Pathways for Water Loss  

Mechanisms of Stomatal Opening

and Closing  

Stimuli for Stomatal Opening and Closing  

effects of Transpiration on Wilting and Leaf Temperature  

Adaptations That Reduce evaporative Water Loss  

36.5 Sugars are transported from

sources to sinks via the phloem

Movement from Sugar Sources to Sugar Sinks  

Bulk flow by Positive Pressure: The Mechanism of Translocation in Angiosperms  

36.6 The symplast is highly dynamic 

Changes in Plasmodesmatal number and Pore Size

Phloem: An information Superhighway  

electrical Signaling in the Phloem  

  

 

營養

the Corkscrew Carnivore  

37.1 Soil contains a living, complex

ecosystem

Soil Texture 

Topsoil Composition  

Soil Conservation and Sustainable Agriculture  

 

37.2 Plant roots absorb essential

elements from the soil

Essential Elements 

Symptoms of Mineral Deficiency  

Improving Plant Nutrition by Genetic Modification  

 

37.3 Plant nutrition often involves

relationships with other

organisms 

Mutualism Across kingdoms and Domains 

Bacteria and Plant Nutrition  

Fungi and Plant Nutrition  

Epiphytes, Parasitic Plants, and Carnivorous Plants  

Unusual Nutritional Adaptations in Plants  

 

 

繁殖

Flowers of Deceit  

38.1 Flowers, double fertilization,

and fruits are key features

of the angiosperm life cycle

Flower Structure and Function 

Methods of Pollination 

The Angiosperm Life Cycle: An Overview  

Sperm Delivery by Pollen Tubes  

Double Fertilization  

Seed Development  

Seed Development and Structure: A Closer Look 

Sporophyte Development from Seed to Mature Plant  

Fruit Structure and Function  

 

 

 

38.2 Flowering plants reproduce

sexually, asexually, or both

Mechanisms of Asexual Reproduction  

Advantages and Disadvantages of Asexual and Sexual Reproduction  

Mechanisms That Prevent Self-Fertilization  

Totipotency, Vegetative Reproduction, and Tissue Culture  

38.3 People modify crops by breeding

and genetic engineering  

Plant Breeding  

Plant Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering 

The Debate over Plant Biotechnology  

訊息傳遞和行為

stimuli and a stationary Life  

39.1 Signal transduction pathways

link signal reception to response

Reception 

Transduction  

Response  

 

 

39.2 Plant hormones help coordinate

growth, development, and

responses to stimuli

A Survey of Plant Hormones  

39.3 Responses to light are critical for

plant success

Blue-Light Photoreceptors 

Phytochrome Photoreceptors  

Biological Clocks and Circadian Rhythms  

The Effect of Light on the Biological Clock  

Photoperiodism and Responses to Seasons  

39.4 Plants respond to a wide variety

of stimuli other than light

Gravity  

Mechanical Stimuli 

Environmental Stresses  

39.5 Plants respond to attacks by

pathogens and herbivores  

Defenses Against Pathogens 

Defenses Against Herbivores  

Levels of Plant Defenses Against Herbivores