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植物結構
Are Plants Computers?
35.1 Plants have a hierarchical
organization consisting of
organs, tissues, and cells
Basic Vascular Plant Organs: Roots, Stems, and Leaves
Dermal, Vascular, and Ground Tissues
Common Types of Plant Cells
Examples of Differentiated Plant Cells
35.2 Different meristems generate
new cells for primary and
secondary growth
35.3 Primary growth lengthens
roots and shoots
Primary Growth of Roots
Primary Growth of Shoots
35.4 Secondary growth increases
the diameter of stems and roots
in woody plants
The Vascular Cambium and Secondary Vascular Tissue
The Cork Cambium and the Production of Periderm
Evolution of Secondary Growth
35.5 Growth, morphogenesis, and
cell differentiation produce
the plant body
Model Organisms: Revolutionizing the Study of Plants
Growth: Cell Division and Cell Expansion
Morphogenesis and Pattern Formation
Gene Expression and the Control of Cell Differentiation
Shifts in Development: Phase Changes
Genetic Control of Flowering
運輸
A Whole Lot of Shaking Going On
36.1 Adaptations for acquiring
resources were key steps in the
evolution of vascular plants
Shoot Architecture and Light Capture
Root Architecture and Acquisition of Water and Minerals
36.2 Different mechanisms transport
substances over short or long
distances
The Apoplast and Symplast: Transport Continuums
Short-Distance Transport of Solutes Across Plasma Membranes
Short-Distance Transport of Water Across Plasma Membranes
Long-Distance Transport: The Role of Bulk flow
36.3 Transpiration drives the transport
of water and minerals from roots
to shoots via the xylem
Absorption of Water and Minerals by Root Cells
Transport of Water and Minerals into the xylem
Bulk flow Transport via the xylem
xylem Sap Ascent by Bulk flow: A Review
36.4 The rate of transpiration
is regulated by stomata
Stomata: Major Pathways for Water Loss
Mechanisms of Stomatal Opening
and Closing
Stimuli for Stomatal Opening and Closing
effects of Transpiration on Wilting and Leaf Temperature
Adaptations That Reduce evaporative Water Loss
36.5 Sugars are transported from
sources to sinks via the phloem
Movement from Sugar Sources to Sugar Sinks
Bulk flow by Positive Pressure: The Mechanism of Translocation in Angiosperms
36.6 The symplast is highly dynamic
Changes in Plasmodesmatal number and Pore Size
Phloem: An information Superhighway
electrical Signaling in the Phloem
營養
the Corkscrew Carnivore
37.1 Soil contains a living, complex
ecosystem
Soil Texture
Topsoil Composition
Soil Conservation and Sustainable Agriculture
37.2 Plant roots absorb essential
elements from the soil
Essential Elements
Symptoms of Mineral Deficiency
Improving Plant Nutrition by Genetic Modification
37.3 Plant nutrition often involves
relationships with other
organisms
Mutualism Across kingdoms and Domains
Bacteria and Plant Nutrition
Fungi and Plant Nutrition
Epiphytes, Parasitic Plants, and Carnivorous Plants
Unusual Nutritional Adaptations in Plants
繁殖
Flowers of Deceit
38.1 Flowers, double fertilization,
and fruits are key features
of the angiosperm life cycle
Flower Structure and Function
Methods of Pollination
The Angiosperm Life Cycle: An Overview
Sperm Delivery by Pollen Tubes
Double Fertilization
Seed Development
Seed Development and Structure: A Closer Look
Sporophyte Development from Seed to Mature Plant
Fruit Structure and Function
38.2 Flowering plants reproduce
sexually, asexually, or both
Mechanisms of Asexual Reproduction
Advantages and Disadvantages of Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
Mechanisms That Prevent Self-Fertilization
Totipotency, Vegetative Reproduction, and Tissue Culture
38.3 People modify crops by breeding
and genetic engineering
Plant Breeding
Plant Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering
The Debate over Plant Biotechnology
訊息傳遞和行為
stimuli and a stationary Life
39.1 Signal transduction pathways
link signal reception to response
Reception
Transduction
Response
39.2 Plant hormones help coordinate
growth, development, and
responses to stimuli
A Survey of Plant Hormones
39.3 Responses to light are critical for
plant success
Blue-Light Photoreceptors
Phytochrome Photoreceptors
Biological Clocks and Circadian Rhythms
The Effect of Light on the Biological Clock
Photoperiodism and Responses to Seasons
39.4 Plants respond to a wide variety
of stimuli other than light
Gravity
Mechanical Stimuli
Environmental Stresses
39.5 Plants respond to attacks by
pathogens and herbivores
Defenses Against Pathogens
Defenses Against Herbivores
Levels of Plant Defenses Against Herbivores