公眾參與市政

最新內容請至

https://g0v.hackmd.io/zKs48ftRT-2JwrvXxRj74g

為何參與？如何參與？需要建構什麼樣的機制？

idea pool

建立「你覺得一位市民可以如何參與市政？」的公開詢問網頁，鼓勵群眾回覆。

採用 pol.is ?

具體彙整各種公民參與方式的現況。

Participate.Taipei 台北市

建立一個本議題相關的文獻、文件、資料的公開倉儲，提供給對於此議題有興趣的人可以運用。

內容包含
- 案例
- 圖書、研究報告的欄位資料
用 googlespreadsheet 來蒐集

國際經驗整理

https://coggle.it/diagram/VeS0JrqAZlA6ayp8

Open Government Guide｜開放政府的原則

Open Government Partnership（http://www.opengovpartnership.org）
- 五個影響面向
  - pushed back against natural resource corruption 阻止自然資源非法運用
  - open data unleashed 開放資料
  - increasingly transparent budgets 財務預算支出的透明化
  - access to information strengthened 強化政府資訊傳達
  - citizens having a real say on policy 公民實質參與政策過程
- 三大原則
  - " Open by Default " 「開放」作為預設準則
  - " Policy by the People " 以民眾為主的政策過程
  - " Accountability for Results " 具有問責機制的施政成果
- 簡短影片介紹：
http://www.opengovguide.com/
《Open Government》was published in 2010 by O’Reilly Media. The United States had just elected a president in 2008, who, on his first day in office, issued an executive order committing his administration to "an unprecedented level of openness in government."
The foundation for an open source city by Jason Hibbets
眼光放遠：帶領開放政府往前邁進的十堂課
http://www.makingallvoicescount.org/ - Making All Voices Count is an international initiative that contributes towards effective governance and accountability by enabling citizen engagement and open, responsive government in 12 countries in Africa and Asia.
有關促進地方治理透明度的工具介紹，UN 報告（http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=zd1f8nmDmeUC&dq=local+advisory+boards+urban+governance&hl=zh-TW&source=gbs_navlinks_s）
Tools to Support Transparency in Local Governance
摘自 Hsiao-hsien Yang：這一期的 edX 開放政府課程剛剛開始了！http://bit.ly/edX_OG 共五週課程
- 學習目標：
  - 開放政府及開放政府資料的基本觀念
  - 如何分析與討論特定開放政府案例的利益、障礙及負面效果
  - 如何分析公共價值及開放政府的最佳典範
  - 如何運用開放政府原則於各種情境
  - 了解開放政府可能帶來的潛在正反面效果
- 開放政府課程 @edX 2016
  - https://drive.google.com/drive/u/0/folders/0Bz3HE-dOCGJVTWotWXhDc3lVR2s
https://www.facebook.com/geog.an.mod/posts/372281782895505
NSF-Open Government Plan
- http://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2016/nsf16131/nsf16131.pdf?WT.mc_id=USNSF_80
Open GovernmentThe Global Context and the Way Forward by OECD
- http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/governance/open-government_9789264268104-en
政策與服務形成流程與協作工具介紹
- https://talk.pdis.nat.gov.tw/t/topic/1274

Transparency and Openness｜政府主動開放

開放資料｜Open Data

data.gov.uk
Constitute
IDA - Opening Data, Driving Innovation, Enabling Smart Nation (Singapore)
城市發展與開放資料（座談）
The Open Accessible Space Information System (OASIS) website provides the richest source of community maps for New York City -- free and all in one place. It helps nonprofits, community groups, educators, students, public agencies, and local businesses develop a better understanding of their environment with interactive maps of open spaces, property information, transportation networks, and more.
"Big Data for Development: Opportunities & Challenges" - White Paper
OSM and Gov：Open Geo Data for Government - Cases of OSM and Gov collaboration mode
臺灣：
- 開放政府資料法（草擬）
- 台灣開放政府資料授權條款-民間版

預算資源資訊公開、預算執行過程透明化｜Open Spending

持續蒐集：http://hackfoldr.org/open-budget/FoVI6xhJJ32
臺灣：
- 公共工程委員會
- 工務局

會議與議事透明化

《Live首爾，Live元淳》首長行程與市政會議直播
- http://tchinese.seoul.go.kr/在市長辦公室到底發生什麼事情？首爾市啟動24小時/
臺灣：
- 立法院

Real Say on Policy / Public Decision Making｜先期參與，群眾審議與決議，實質賦權，參與式過程

審議式民主｜Deliberative Democracy

Deliberative Democracy

法規｜Crowdsourced Law

案例蒐集：群眾編審法律 / 政策共識凝聚 / 工具
臺灣：
- vTaiwan

廣泛提議式的網路平台，讓公眾提出政策意見｜Platform

案例蒐集：Deliberative Democracy
臺灣：
- 公共政策網路參與平臺 https://join.gov.tw/

市政公投｜Citizen Referendum

Seattle 市政公投機制 : Citizen Initiatives, Referenda & Charter (公投必須用在政策還未法制化的時機，而不是政策法定程序過程之中)

預算透明化與預算情境模擬｜Open Budget

預算書案例蒐集：http://hackfoldr.org/open-budget/FoVI6xhJJ32
臺灣：
- 議員工程建議款，議題需處理
- 地方政府預算狀況：https://speakerdeck.com/odtw/cai-zheng-shi-wu-yu-can-yu-shi-yu-suan-de-ke-neng
- 台北市主計處臺北市地方總預算 http://www.dbas.taipei.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=61249&ctNode=31636&mp=120001

稅制自主權｜Levy

選舉機制創新｜

Democracy Voucher Program
- Seattle launched its innovative"Democracy Voucher" program today, where all citizens & permanent residents receive $100 in campaign contributions funds, which they can give to local candidates of their choice.
- http://www.seattle.gov/democracyvoucher
- https://www.facebook.com/groups/opengovgroup/permalink/1879557045609216/
- https://www.facebook.com/democracyvoucher
- 初步歸納兩個目標：
  - 1.促進小黨與獨立參選人
  - 2.也促進對於選舉較為冷漠的市民投入此事
- 觀察：
  - 1.此制度發起單位是選制委員會，跟台灣不同的是，這個委員會是以民間人士為主，印象中市長推派一半，議會推派一半，相關業務局處作為秘書處與輔助角色，一個月開一次會，整個城市有好幾十個這樣的委員會，性別議題、都市設計議題、綠色交通議題、地區型等等。
  - 2.這樣的點數、代幣，其實應用層面很廣，或許後續會跨出選制領域也說不定。

公民委員會機制｜Boards and Commissions

有關市民諮詢委員會的概述
- http://participedia.net/en/methods/citizen-advisory-board
Seattle 首長指派的委員會制度 seattle board（http://www.seattle.gov/city-departments/boards-and-commissions）
- 舉例
  - Citizens’ Telecommunications and Technology Advisory Board - http://www.seattle.gov/cttab
  - Pedestrian Advisory Board, Seattle https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?id=568537349953232&story_fbid=607380966068870
  - https://www.facebook.com/SeattleNeighborhoods/videos/1712652055466556/
- 有關研究華州市民諮詢體的研究報告
  - http://mrsc.org/getmedia/72061479-9ba8-48b4-ab1f-cfa62cf7d4f1/Local-Government-Citizen-Advistory-Boards.pdf.aspx?ext=.pdf
Toronto Food Policy Council (TFPC) / 阿姆斯特丹民間自己籌辦多元組成的都市食物與農耕委員會活動，因為市政府並未設置此委員會 Using Food as a tool to experiment in democratic innovation – a Food Council prototyped (Farming the City, Amsterdan)
臺灣：
- 台北市社區總體營造委員會，應擴大民間參與成員比例
- 或是另成立「公民參與委員會」提出新的委員模式與新的群眾決策模式
- 《台北市市民文化宣言》Taipei Citizens’ Manifesto of Culture

群眾產製的都市計畫｜Crowd Planning

案例蒐集：Crowd Planning System Prototype
https://dt.asu.edu/tools
臺灣：
- 《審議式民主的北投歷程》〈將審議民主經驗嵌入社區願景營造工作〉
- 開放都市計畫

參與式預算｜Participatory Budgeting

案例蒐集：https://g0v.hackpad.tw/rsn8O1wiDyk
臺灣：
- 2015 台北市北投區參與式預算住民大會 (民間自辦)

城市提案與募資行動平台，針對特定業務結合民間提案機制｜Proposal

案例蒐集：https://g0v.hackpad.com/VpijNWeYhps
臺灣：
- 台北市都市發展局歷年補助的社區營造計畫，呈現於社造地圖
- 討論：
  - 盤點既有的參與雛形與經驗：台北市都更處更新經營科相關業務、內政部防災社區、健康社區
  - 涉及單一機關；市府跨部門；中央地方跨部會
  - 協助業務機關要盤點與評估，且是否有法令限制
  - 業務機關學習轉化行政方式，參與者學習如何提案，該種行政業務與里長系統＆操作方法整理

Mechanics｜體系組織創新，公職人員的轉化，公私協力模式，行政模式轉變

設立公務內的新組織，營造出介面｜Center / Office / Team

荷蘭還地於河（Room for the river） / 中文介紹 (該機構著重於基層溝通與政策意見交流)
Boston’s Mayor’s Office of New Urban Mechanics (MONUM) http://www.newurbanmechanics.org/boston/
Philadelphia’s Mayor’s Office of New Urban Mechanics (MONUM) pilots experiments that offer the potential to improve radically the quality of City services. http://newurbanmechanics.org/philadelphia/
首爾社會創新局 & 首爾市政府推行的措施包括：篩選及指派分享式非營利組織與企業，提高用戶信任感；宣傳首爾的「分享式城市」形象；撥款24萬美元補助十家分享式企業開銷；提供辦公空間、諮詢、補助金扶植20家分享式新創公司；成立「首爾分享式經濟推廣委員會」，代表來自學術、司法、媒體、福利、運輸等各界；籌辦「分享式城市國際會議」。（中文介紹）/ Sharing City Seoul - http://english.sharehub.kr/
- Seoul’s Social Innovation Division
首爾研究院，等於是首爾市政的研發機構
- https://www.slideshare.net/OURsOURs/ss-78066972
- 也可上網搜尋【參加首爾研究院舉辦之「東亞研討會」出國報告】文件
https://www.facebook.com/Nextgov/posts/10154132932312111
g0v.news
https://talk.pdis.nat.gov.tw/t/other-labs/3954

設立數位政策研擬與推展的組織｜Digital Service

https://abcd.hackpad.com/Data-Driven-Cities-vG2g90Eifgf

設立資料驅動單位｜Data-Driven Program

https://abcd.hackpad.com/Data-Driven-Cities-vG2g90Eifgf

公務夥伴關係｜Partnership / Trust

首爾 서울그린트러스트 Seoul Green Trust 基金會與全市綠地系統
Berlin Teilt 柏林股
- http://www.berlin-teilt.de/mission/
- https://www.changemakers.com/discussions/entries/berlin-teilt
Small, green, plastic coins. Amsterdam’s latest weapon against waste.
- https://www.facebook.com/EcoWatch/videos/10154352554796479/
The Design Trust was founded in 1995 to unlock the potential of New York City’s shared spaces.
農地信託機制（以土為師，以身為度~探尋城鄉連結下的農地信託與支持型公民社群的運作機制）
Community Land Trusts http://community-wealth.org/content/infographic-community-land-trusts
臺灣：
- 公益信託 http://www.bot.com.tw/business/trusts/pages/public_welfare.aspx

引入諮詢團體 / 建置工具 / 議題研究，建構議題專業技術社群的合作網絡｜Program / School / Brigade / Fellowship

The National League of Cities (NLC) http://2014tcpa.blogspot.tw/2016/10/13.html
Intellitics - We are a digital engagement startup based in San José, Calif. (USA). We help organizations in the public, private and non-profit sector apply technology to drive collaborative governance, public participation and other types of dialogue-centric participatory processes.
We are the Future Cities Catapult, a global centre of excellence on urban innovation. A place where cities, businesses and universities come together to develop solutions to the future needs of our cities. - https://futurecities.catapult.org.uk/about-us
The Code for America Brigade program is an international network of people committed to using their voices and hands, in collaboration with local governments, to make their cities better. - http://www.codeforamerica.org/brigade/
Civic tech Fellowship g0v.news
Simpl - Connecting local public services with innovators and ideas to solve social problems. - https://www.simpl.co/
CityCamp - CityCamp brings together local citizens to build stronger communities where they live. - http://citycamp.com/
仙台設計學校：The first change stems from architecture. The comprehensive power of architectural design, which encompasses a variety of techniques, originally extended to more than the simple creation of a “box.” Now, in this period of drastic change that followed the wake of the 20th century, which was driven by a “scrap-and-build” policy, architecture has the potential to generate effective contents through collaborative activities between a wide range of fields, including urban planning, video, art, music, and information-communication systems. - http://sendaischoolofdesign.jp/en/concept
Design Den Haag - Foundation Design and Government researches the relation between Design and Government in Europe within an international context, from cultural, economic and social viewpoints. As from 2010, Design and Government organises projects in the field of design, architecture and visual communication, like exhibitions, publications, lectures and debates, workshops and documentary films. Our aim is to make governments aware of how to make better use of the creative potential in the communication with society. - http://www.designdenhaag.eu/
MAS Summit
- http://www.mas.org/
- Founded in 1893, the Municipal Art Society is five years older than the consolidated City of New York itself. Over more than 120 years of history, MAS has worked to inspire, educate, and empower New Yorkers to engage in the betterment of our city. Through three core campaign areas, MAS protects New York’s legacy spaces, encourages intentional planning and urban development, and fosters complete neighborhoods across the five boroughs.

考評制度與官僚文化再塑造｜KPI / Culture

《官僚之夏》在台灣的可能性？ or 日本柳川城市改造的案例，一位地方政府的基層官員如何在擬定計劃的過程中看到真實世界的機會，而轉變長官加蓋河溝的意志，轉而推動河川整治，發展地方產業的故事，這個「科長的反叛」已經成為日本都市計劃教科書的案例 (文字出處)

數位科技工具應用於市政議題｜Civic Tech / Geo-Media Platform

What are the biggest challenges civic tech is facing ?
- https://pol.is/2bf7vrrmnb
都市規劃面向：Crowd Planning System / Prototype 群眾規劃的可能性
- 波士頓市政府與 Engagement Game Lab 合作，推出了StreetCred（街頭威望）的API https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/32563/bn-article-32563
- 應用於明確的市政通報互動執行 (ex Open311)
- 數位工具引入群眾導向的市政議題 (ex ...)
- 火災風險分析的程式碼，開放授權，鼓勵重複研究 (reproducible research) by Chia-Kai Liu
- 所有會議和會勘紀錄，都要求要有標的物的"位置資訊"？（WGS84座標或門牌號碼或地號）

開放邀請未知的提案，新的公共事務治理雛形提出｜Ideathon

ChangebyUS (NY)
WikiSeoul
nextHamburg
臺灣：
- 台北市文化局曾舉辦過 City 10 Hackathon；如何評估？如何給予落實的可能？
- 財團法人台北市文化基金會創意發展部，籌辦 idea TAIPEI創意工作營，Idea TAIPEI 是一個市民參與市政的發聲平台，藉由市民集結對於城市構想的創意提案，提供公務部門作為城市治理的重要參考。2014年我們持續邀集不同領域的創意夥伴參加三場次的創意工作營，透過18位講師與100位學員，在3天27小時內，密集產出108個創意點子，以創意思考及服務設計的思維，為市民帶來更友善、更美好的城市生活。
- 民間盤點公共事務公私互動模式與案例
  - https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1NB-ehgt6wPzAAO4cHzHKM4Q4mvDiOG9qVEJp_IvsENE/edit

Other｜其他

行動辦公室
- https://www.facebook.com/seoul.tc/photos/a.269967706691527.1073741829.265502333804731/571764489845179/
首爾市長
- 首爾市長，行程直播，待查
- 首爾市長住入天台 https://www.facebook.com/700541745/posts/10155493320641746/
Show / Event
- 地區型歷史節慶的合作籌辦
- 黑客松
  - https://hackdash.org/
活動與票務平台
- http://eventful.com
- https://www.ticketlabs.ca/
公共事務現況說明
- 《Who Gets It Done & How》，用圖文解釋紐約市的規劃和政策制訂過程，以及"誰"掌握什麼資源、如何決策，以及(民眾)如何影響這些決策
  - https://2015massummitfornewyorkcity.sched.com/event/4SZ9/lnp-guidebook-who-gets-it-done-and-how
  - http://www.mas.org/ourwork/guidebook/
是否有以「監督與究責」為核心的專案？
- I Paid A Bribe
  - http://www.ipaidabribe.com
  - ipaidabribe.com is Janaagraha’s unique initiative to tackle corruption by harnessing the collective energy of citizens. You can report on the nature, number, pattern, types, location, frequency and values of actual corrupt acts on this website. Your reports will, perhaps for the first time, provide a snapshot of bribes occurring across your city. We will use them to argue for improving governance systems and procedures, tightening law enforcement and regulation and thereby reduce the scope for corruption in obtaining services from the government. We invite you to register any recent or old bribes you have paid. Please tell us if you resisted a demand for a bribe, or did not have to pay a bribe, because of a new procedure or an honest official who helped you. We do not ask for your name or phone details, so feel free to report on the formats provided.
城市發展與開放資料（座談）
政策收集區 - 智慧城市篇
從群眾協作地理資訊角度：Issue-mapping 案例蒐集、Issue Mapping via Crowdsourcing
Open Source City
- https://g0v.hackpad.tw/K4jFi4BUFTR#:h=Open-Building/Arch/Space/City/
社群媒體與政策制定
- http://www.slideshare.net/autang/ss-42792460
ParticipateDB http://www.participatedb.com/about
群體意見呈現方式
- Pol.is https://pol.is
- Remesh https://remesh.ai/
http://opengov.seoul.go.kr/sitemap
網路社群媒體時代政府公共諮詢與政策行銷之規劃
- https://www.teg.org.tw/files/research/1448261930154/104TEG%E5%AD%90%E8%AD%B0%E9%A1%8C2_%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3%E8%88%87%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96%E8%A1%8C%E9%8A%B7%E4%B9%8B%E8%A6%8F%E5%8A%83(%E7%B5%90%E6%A1%88%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A).pdf
- 第三章各國運用社群媒體於政策行銷與公共諮詢.......................... 45
- 第一節美國 ............................................................................. 45
- 第二節英國 ............................................................................. 57
- 第三節日本 ............................................................................. 61
- 第四節韓國 ............................................................................. 93

公眾參與市政

idea pool

國際經驗整理

相關專案與主題探討