植物學
編輯歷史
| 時間 | 作者 | 版本 |
|---|---|---|
| 2019-07-10 23:22 – 23:41 | r27 – r413 | |
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植物結構
+ Are Plants Computers?
35.1 Plants have a hierarchical
organization consisting of
organs, tissues, and cells
+ Basic Vascular Plant Organs: Roots, Stems, and Leaves
+ *Roots
+ *Stems
+ *Leaves
+ Dermal, Vascular, and Ground Tissues
+ Common Types of Plant Cells
+
+
+
+ Examples of Differentiated Plant Cells
+
+
35.2 Different meristems generate
new cells for primary and
secondary growth
+
+
+
+
+
35.3 Primary growth lengthens
roots and shoots
+ Primary Growth of Roots
+ Primary Growth of Shoots
+ *Stem Growth and Anatomy
+ *Leaf Growth and Anatomy
+ *
+
+
+
+
+
35.4 Secondary growth increases
the diameter of stems and roots
in woody plants
+ The Vascular Cambium and Secondary Vascular Tissue
+ The Cork Cambium and the Production of Periderm
+ Evolution of Secondary Growth
+
+
35.5 Growth, morphogenesis, and
cell differentiation produce
the plant body
-
-
+ Model Organisms: Revolutionizing the Study of Plants
+ Growth: Cell Division and Cell Expansion
+ *The Plane and Symmetry of Cell Division
+ *Orientation of Cell Expansion
+ Morphogenesis and Pattern Formation
+ Gene Expression and the Control of Cell Differentiation
+ Shifts in Development: Phase Changes
+ Genetic Control of Flowering
+
+
運輸
+ A Whole Lot of Shaking Going On
36.1 Adaptations for acquiring
resources were key steps in the
evolution of vascular plants
+ Shoot Architecture and Light Capture
+ *The Photosynthesis–Water Loss Compromise
+ Root Architecture and Acquisition of Water and Minerals
+
+
+
36.2 Different mechanisms transport
substances over short or long
distances
+ The Apoplast and Symplast: Transport Continuums
+ Short-Distance Transport of Solutes Across Plasma Membranes
+ Short-Distance Transport of Water Across Plasma Membranes
+ *How Solutes and Pressure Affect Water Potential
+ *Water Movement Across Plant Cell Membranes
+ *Aquaporins: Facilitating Diffusion of Water
+ Long-Distance Transport: The Role of Bulk flow
+
+
+
+
36.3 Transpiration drives the transport
of water and minerals from roots
to shoots via the xylem
+ Absorption of Water and Minerals by Root Cells
+ Transport of Water and Minerals into the xylem
+ Bulk flow Transport via the xylem
+ *Pushing Xylem Sap: Root Pressure
+ *Pulling Xylem Sap:
+ *The Cohesion-Tension Hypothesis
+ *Transpirational Pull
+ *Cohesion and Adhesion in the Ascent of xylem Sap
+ xylem Sap Ascent by Bulk flow: A Review
+ *
+
+
36.4 The rate of transpiration
is regulated by stomata
+ Stomata: Major Pathways for Water Loss
+ Mechanisms of Stomatal Opening
+ and Closing
+ Stimuli for Stomatal Opening and Closing
+ effects of Transpiration on Wilting and Leaf Temperature
+ Adaptations That Reduce evaporative Water Loss
+
36.5 Sugars are transported from
sources to sinks via the phloem
- 36.6 The symplast is highly dynamic
+ Movement from Sugar Sources to Sugar Sinks
+ Bulk flow by Positive Pressure: The Mechanism of Translocation in Angiosperms
+
+
+
+ 36.6 The symplast is highly dynamic
+ Changes in Plasmodesmatal number and Pore Size
+ Phloem: An information Superhighway
+ electrical Signaling in the Phloem
+
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營養
+ the Corkscrew Carnivore
37.1 Soil contains a living, complex
ecosystem
+ Soil Texture
+ Topsoil Composition
+ *Inorganic Components
+ *Organic Components
+ Soil Conservation and Sustainable Agriculture
+ *Irrigation
+ *Fertilization
+ *Adjusting Soil pH
+ *Controlling Erosion
+ *Phytoremediation
+ *
+
+ *
+ *
+ *
37.2 Plant roots absorb essential
elements from the soil
+ Essential Elements
+ Symptoms of Mineral Deficiency
+ Improving Plant Nutrition by Genetic Modification
+ *Resistance to Aluminum Toxicity
+ *Smart Plants
+ *
+
+
+
+
37.3 Plant nutrition often involves
relationships with other
organisms
+ Mutualism Across kingdoms and Domains
+ Bacteria and Plant Nutrition
+ *Rhizobacteria
+ *Bacteria in the Nitrogen Cycle
+ *Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria: A Closer look
+ *Nitrogen Fixation and Agriculture
+ Fungi and Plant Nutrition
+ *Mycorrhizae and Plant Evolution
+ *Types of Mycorrhizae
+ *Agricultural and Ecological Importance of Mycorrhizae
+ Epiphytes, Parasitic Plants, and Carnivorous Plants
+ Unusual Nutritional Adaptations in Plants
+
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繁殖
+ Flowers of Deceit
38.1 Flowers, double fertilization,
and fruits are key features
of the angiosperm life cycle
+ Flower Structure and Function
+ Methods of Pollination
+ The Angiosperm Life Cycle: An Overview
+ *Development of Female Gametophytes (Embryo Sacs)
+ *Development of Male Gametophytes in Pollen Grains
+ Sperm Delivery by Pollen Tubes
+ Double Fertilization
+ Seed Development
+ Seed Development and Structure: A Closer Look
+ *Endosperm Development
+ *Embryo Development
+ *Structure of the Mature Seed
+ *Seed Dormancy: An Adaptation for Tough Times
+ Sporophyte Development from Seed to Mature Plant
+ *Seed Germination
+ *Growth and Flowering
+ Fruit Structure and Function
+
+ *
+
+
+
38.2 Flowering plants reproduce
sexually, asexually, or both
+ Mechanisms of Asexual Reproduction
+ Advantages and Disadvantages of Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
+ Mechanisms That Prevent Self-Fertilization
+ Totipotency, Vegetative Reproduction, and Tissue Culture
+ *Vegetative Propagation and Grafting
+ *Test-Tube Cloning and Related Techniques
+
38.3 People modify crops by breeding
and genetic engineering
-
-
+ Plant Breeding
+ Plant Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering
+ *Reducing World Hunger and Malnutrition
+ *Reducing Fossil Fuel Dependency
+ The Debate over Plant Biotechnology
+ *Issues of Human Health
+ *Possible Effects on Nontarget Organisms
+ *Addressing the Problem of Transgene Escape
+ *
訊息傳遞和行為
+ stimuli and a stationary Life
39.1 Signal transduction pathways
link signal reception to response
+ Reception
+ Transduction
+ Response
+ *Post-translational Modification of Preexisting Proteins
+ *Transcriptional Regulation
+ *De-etiolation (“Greening”) Proteins
+
+
39.2 Plant hormones help coordinate
growth, development, and
responses to stimuli
+ A Survey of Plant Hormones
+ *Auxin
+ *The Role of Auxin in Cell Elongation
+ *Auxin’s Role in Plant Development
+ *Practical Uses for Auxins
+ *Cytokinins
+ *Control of Cell Division and Differentiation
+ *Control of Apical Dominance
+ *Anti-aging Effects
+ * Gibberellins
+ *Stem Elongation
+ *Fruit Growth
+ *Germination
+ *Abscisic Acid
+ *Seed Dormancy
+ *Drought Tolerance
+ *Ethylene
+ *The Triple Response to Mechanical Stress
+ *Senescence
+ *Leaf Abscission
+ *Fruit Ripening
+ *More Recently Discovered Plant Hormones
+ *Brassinosteroids
+ *Jasmonates
+ *Strigolactones
+ *
+ *
+
+
39.3 Responses to light are critical for
plant success
+ Blue-Light Photoreceptors
+ Phytochrome Photoreceptors
+ *Phytochromes and Seed Germination
+ *Phytochromes and Shade Avoidance
+ Biological Clocks and Circadian Rhythms
+ The Effect of Light on the Biological Clock
+ Photoperiodism and Responses to Seasons
+ *Photoperiodism and Control of Flowering
+ *Critical Night Length
+ *A Flowering Hormone?
+ *
+
+
+
+
39.4 Plants respond to a wide variety
of stimuli other than light
+ Gravity
+ Mechanical Stimuli
+ Environmental Stresses
+ *Drought
+ * Flooding
+ *Salt Stress
+ *Heat Stress
+ *Cold Stress
+ *
+
+
+
+
39.5 Plants respond to attacks by
pathogens and herbivores
+
+ Defenses Against Pathogens
+ *PAMP-Triggered Immunity
+ *Effector-Triggered Immunity
+ *The Hypersensitive Response
+ *Systemic Acquired Resistance
+ Defenses Against Herbivores
+ Levels of Plant Defenses Against Herbivores
+
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| 2019-07-10 22:17 – 22:19 | r1 – r26 | |
顯示 diff- Untitled
+ 植物學
This pad text is synchronized as you type, so that everyone viewing this page sees the same text. This allows you to collaborate seamlessly on documents!
+
+
+ 植物結構
+ 35.1 Plants have a hierarchical
+ organization consisting of
+ organs, tissues, and cells
+ 35.2 Different meristems generate
+ new cells for primary and
+ secondary growth
+ 35.3 Primary growth lengthens
+ roots and shoots
+ 35.4 Secondary growth increases
+ the diameter of stems and roots
+ in woody plants
+ 35.5 Growth, morphogenesis, and
+ cell differentiation produce
+ the plant body
+
+
+
+ 運輸
+ 36.1 Adaptations for acquiring
+ resources were key steps in the
+ evolution of vascular plants
+ 36.2 Different mechanisms transport
+ substances over short or long
+ distances
+ 36.3 Transpiration drives the transport
+ of water and minerals from roots
+ to shoots via the xylem
+ 36.4 The rate of transpiration
+ is regulated by stomata
+ 36.5 Sugars are transported from
+ sources to sinks via the phloem
+ 36.6 The symplast is highly dynamic
+
+
+
+
+
+ 營養
+ 37.1 Soil contains a living, complex
+ ecosystem
+ 37.2 Plant roots absorb essential
+ elements from the soil
+ 37.3 Plant nutrition often involves
+ relationships with other
+ organisms
+
+
+
+
+
+ 繁殖
+ 38.1 Flowers, double fertilization,
+ and fruits are key features
+ of the angiosperm life cycle
+ 38.2 Flowering plants reproduce
+ sexually, asexually, or both
+ 38.3 People modify crops by breeding
+ and genetic engineering
+
+
+
+ 訊息傳遞和行為
+ 39.1 Signal transduction pathways
+ link signal reception to response
+ 39.2 Plant hormones help coordinate
+ growth, development, and
+ responses to stimuli
+ 39.3 Responses to light are critical for
+ plant success
+ 39.4 Plants respond to a wide variety
+ of stimuli other than light
+ 39.5 Plants respond to attacks by
+ pathogens and herbivores
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| 2019-07-10 22:17 | r0 | |
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+ This pad text is synchronized as you type, so that everyone viewing this page sees the same text. This allows you to collaborate seamlessly on documents!
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