演化學
編輯歷史
| 時間 | 作者 | 版本 |
|---|---|---|
| 2019-07-11 00:09 – 00:24 | r31 – r302 | |
顯示 diff（3 行未修改）
演化機制
+ Endless Forms Most Beautiful
21.1 the Darwinian revolution
challenged traditional views
of a young Earth inhabited by
unchanging species
+
+ Scala Naturae and Classification of Species
+ Ideas About Change over time
+ lamarck’s Hypothesis of Evolution
+
+
+
21.2 Descent with modification by
natural selection explains the
adaptations of organisms and
the unity and diversity of life
+
+ Darwin’s Research
+ The Voyage of the Beagle
+ Darwin’s Focus on Adaptation
+ Ideas from The Origin of Species
+ *Descent with Modification
+ *Artificial Selection, Natural Selection, and Adaptation
+ Key Features of Natural Selection
+
+
+
21.3 Evolution is supported by an
overwhelming amount of
scientific evidence
+ Direct observations of Evolutionary Change
+ *Natural Selection in Response to Introduced Species
+ *The Evolution of Drug-Resistant Bacteria
+ Homology
+ *Anatomical and Molecular Homologies
+ *Homologies and “Tree Thinking”
+ *A Different Cause of Resemblance: Convergent Evolution
+ the Fossil Record
+ Biogeography
+ What Is theoretical About Darwin’s view of life?
+
+ *
phylogenetic系統發生 Reconstruction
+ Investigating the tree of Life
22.1 Phylogenies show evolutionary
relationships
+ Binomial Nomenclature
+ Hierarchical Classification
+ Linking Classification and Phylogeny
+ What We Can and Cannot Learn from Phylogenetic Trees
+ Applying Phylogenies
+
22.2 Phylogenies are inferred from
morphological and molecular
data
+ Morphological and Molecular Homologies
+ Sorting Homology from Analogy
+ Evaluating Molecular Homologies
+
+
+
22.3 Shared characters are used to
construct phylogenetic trees
+ Cladistics
+ *Shared Ancestral and Shared Derived Characters
+ *Inferring Phylogenies Using Derived Characters
+ Phylogenetic Trees with Proportional Branch Lengths
+ Maximum Parsimony and Maximum Likelihood
+ Phylogenetic Trees as Hypotheses
+
+ *
22.4 An organism’s evolutionary
history is documented in its
genome
+ Gene Duplications and Gene Families
+ Genome Evolution
+
+
22.5 Molecular clocks help track
evolutionary time
+ Molecular Clocks
+ *Differences in Clock Speed
+ *Potential Problems with Molecular Clocks
+ Applying a Molecular Clock: Dating the Origin of HIV
+
+
+
22.6 Our understanding of the tree
of life continues to change
based on new data
+ From Two Kingdoms to Three Domains
+ The Important Role of Horizontal Gene Transfer
+
+
+
（3 行未修改）
微觀演化
+ the smallest Unit of evolution
23.1 Genetic variation makes
evolution possible
+ Genetic Variation
+ Sources of Genetic Variation
+ *Formation of New Alleles
+ *Altering Gene Number or Position
+ *Rapid Reproduction
+ *Sexual Reproduction
+ *
+
+
23.2 The Hardy-Weinberg equation
can be used to test whether a
population is evolving
+ Gene Pools and Allele Frequencies
+ The Hardy-Weinberg Equation
+ *Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
+ *Conditions for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
+ *Applying the Hardy-Weinberg Equation
+ *
+
+
+
23.3 Natural selection, genetic drift,
and gene flow can alter allele
frequencies in a population
+ Natural Selection
+ Genetic Drift
+ *The Founder Effect
+ *The Bottleneck Effect
+ *Case Study: Impact of Genetic Drift on the Greater Prairie Chicken
+ Effects of Genetic Drift: A Summary
+ Gene Flow
+
+
+
23.4 Natural selection is the only
mechanism that consistently
causes adaptive evolution
-
+ Natural Selection: A Closer Look
+ *Relative Fitness
+ *Directional, Disruptive, and Stabilizing Selection
+ The key Role of Natural Selection in Adaptive Evolution
+ Sexual Selection
+ Balancing Selection
+ * Frequency-Dependent Selection
+ *Heterozygote Advantage
+ Why Natural Selection Cannot Fashion Perfect Organisms
+ The Sickle-Cell Allele
物種和種化
+ that “Mystery of Mysteries”
24.1 The biological species concept
emphasizes reproductive isolation
+ The Biological Species Concept
+ *Reproductive Isolation
+ *Limitations of the Biological Species Concept
+ Other Definitions of Species
+
+
+
+
24.2 Speciation can take place with or
without geographic separation
+ Allopatric (“Other Country”) Speciation
+ *The Process of Allopatric Speciation
+ *Evidence of Allopatric Speciation
+ Sympatric (“Same Country”) Speciation
+ *Polyploidy
+ *Sexual Selection
+ *Habitat Differentiation
+ Allopatric and Sympatric Speciation: A Review
+
+
+
+
24.3 Hybrid zones reveal factors that
cause reproductive isolation
+ Patterns Within Hybrid Zones
+ Hybrid Zones and Environmental Change
+ Hybrid Zones over Time
+ *Reinforcement: Strengthening Reproductive Barriers
+ *Fusion: Weakening Reproductive Barriers
+ *Stability: Continued Formation of Hybrid Individuals
+ *
+ *
+
+
+
+
24.4 Speciation can occur rapidly
or slowly and can result from
changes in few or many genes
-
+ The Time Course of Speciation
+ *Patterns in the Fossil Record
+ *Speciation Rates
+ Studying the Genetics of Speciation
+ From Speciation to Macroevolution
+
巨觀演化
+ A surprise in the Desert
25.1 Conditions on early Earth made
the origin of life possible
+ Synthesis of Organic Compounds on Early Earth
+ Abiotic Synthesis of Macromolecules
+ Protocells
+ Self-Replicating RNA
+
25.2 The fossil record documents the
history of life
+ The Fossil Record
+ How Rocks and Fossils Are Dated
+ The Origin of New Groups of Organisms
+
25.3 Key events in life’s history
include the origins of unicellular
and multicellular organisms and
the colonization of land
+ The First Single-Celled Organisms
+ *Photosynthesis and the Oxygen Revolution
+ *The First Eukaryotes
+ The Origin of Multicellularity
+ *Early Multicellular Eukaryotes
+ * The Cambrian Explosion
+ The Colonization of Land
+
+
+
+
+
25.4 The rise and fall of groups of
organisms reflect differences in
speciation and extinction rates
+ Plate Tectonics
+ *Consequences of Continental Drift
+ Mass Extinctions
+ *The “Big Five” Mass Extinction Events
+ *Is a Sixth Mass Extinction Under Way?
+ *Consequences of Mass Extinctions
+ Adaptive Radiations
+ *Worldwide Adaptive Radiations
+ *Regional Adaptive Radiations
+ *
+ *
+
+
+
+
25.5 Major changes in body form
can result from changes in the
sequences and regulation
of developmental genes
+ Effects of Developmental Genes
+ *Changes in Rate and Timing
+ *Changes in Spatial Pattern
+ The Evolution of Development
+ *Changes in Gene Sequence
+ *Changes in Gene Regulation
+ Evolutionary Novelties
+ Evolutionary Trends
+
+
+
+
+
25.6 Evolution is not goal oriented
|
||
| 2019-07-10 22:11 – 22:13 | r5 – r30 | |
顯示 diff（14 行未修改）
overwhelming amount of
scientific evidence
+
+
+
+
+ phylogenetic系統發生 Reconstruction
+ 22.1 Phylogenies show evolutionary
+ relationships
+ 22.2 Phylogenies are inferred from
+ morphological and molecular
+ data
+ 22.3 Shared characters are used to
+ construct phylogenetic trees
+ 22.4 An organism’s evolutionary
+ history is documented in its
+ genome
+ 22.5 Molecular clocks help track
+ evolutionary time
+ 22.6 Our understanding of the tree
+ of life continues to change
+ based on new data
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 微觀演化
+ 23.1 Genetic variation makes
+ evolution possible
+ 23.2 The Hardy-Weinberg equation
+ can be used to test whether a
+ population is evolving
+ 23.3 Natural selection, genetic drift,
+ and gene flow can alter allele
+ frequencies in a population
+ 23.4 Natural selection is the only
+ mechanism that consistently
+ causes adaptive evolution
+
+
+
+ 物種和種化
+ 24.1 The biological species concept
+ emphasizes reproductive isolation
+ 24.2 Speciation can take place with or
+ without geographic separation
+ 24.3 Hybrid zones reveal factors that
+ cause reproductive isolation
+ 24.4 Speciation can occur rapidly
+ or slowly and can result from
+ changes in few or many genes
+ 巨觀演化
+ 25.1 Conditions on early Earth made
+ the origin of life possible
+ 25.2 The fossil record documents the
+ history of life
+ 25.3 Key events in life’s history
+ include the origins of unicellular
+ and multicellular organisms and
+ the colonization of land
+ 25.4 The rise and fall of groups of
+ organisms reflect differences in
+ speciation and extinction rates
+ 25.5 Major changes in body form
+ can result from changes in the
+ sequences and regulation
+ of developmental genes
+ 25.6 Evolution is not goal oriented
|
||
| 2019-07-10 22:11 | r4 | |
顯示 diff（21 行未修改）
|
||
| 2019-07-10 22:11 – 22:11 | r1 – r3 | |
顯示 diff- Untitled
+ 演化學
This pad text is synchronized as you type, so that everyone viewing this page sees the same text. This allows you to collaborate seamlessly on documents!
+
+ 演化機制
+ 21.1 the Darwinian revolution
+ challenged traditional views
+ of a young Earth inhabited by
+ unchanging species
+ 21.2 Descent with modification by
+ natural selection explains the
+ adaptations of organisms and
+ the unity and diversity of life
+ 21.3 Evolution is supported by an
+ overwhelming amount of
+ scientific evidence
+
+
+
+
+
|
||
| 2019-07-10 22:11 | r0 | |
顯示 diff+ Untitled
+ This pad text is synchronized as you type, so that everyone viewing this page sees the same text. This allows you to collaborate seamlessly on documents!
|
||