細胞生物學
編輯歷史
| 時間 | 作者 | 版本 |
|---|---|---|
| 2019-07-11 00:36 – 00:52 | r29 – r300 | |
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細胞的結構和功能
- Biologists use microscopes
+ the Fundamental Units of Life
+
+ 7.1Biologists use microscopes
and biochemistry to study cells
+ Microscopy
+ Cell Fractionation
+
+
7.2 Eukaryotic cells have internal
membranes that compartmentalize
their functions
+ Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
+ A Panoramic View of the Eukaryotic Cell
+
+
7.3 The eukaryotic cell’s genetic
instructions are housed in the
nucleus and carried out by the
ribosomes
+ The nucleus: Information Central
+ Ribosomes: Protein Factories
+
+
7.4 The endomembrane system
regulates protein traffic and
performs metabolic functions
+ The Endoplasmic Reticulum: Biosynthetic Factory
+ *Functions of Smooth ER
+ *Functions of Rough ER
+ The Golgi Apparatus: Shipping and Receiving Center
+ Lysosomes: Digestive Compartments
+ Vacuoles: Diverse Maintenance Compartments
+ The Endomembrane System: A Review
+
+
7.5 Mitochondria and chloroplasts
change energy from one form
to another
+ The Evolutionary Origins of Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
+ Mitochondria: Chemical Energy Conversion
+ Chloroplasts: Capture of Light Energy
+ Peroxisomes: Oxidation
+
+
+
7.6 The cytoskeleton is a network of
fibers that organizes structures
and activities in the cell
+ Roles of the Cytoskeleton: Support and Motility
+ Components of the Cytoskeleton
+ *Microtubules
+ *Centrosomes and Centrioles
+ *Cilia and Flagella
+ *Microfilaments (Actin Filaments)
+ *Intermediate Filaments
+ *
+
+
+
+
7.7 Extracellular components and
connections between cells help
coordinate cellular activities
+ Cell Walls of Plants
+ The Extracellular Matrix (ECM) of Animal Cells
+ Cell Junctions
+ *Plasmodesmata in Plant Cells
+ *Tight Junctions, Desmosomes, and Gap Junctions in Animal Cells
+ *
+
+
+
+
7.8 A cell is greater than the sum
of its parts
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細胞膜
+ Life at the edge
8.1 Cellular membranes are fluid
mosaics of lipids and proteins
+ The Fluidity of Membranes
+ Evolution of Differences in Membrane Lipid Composition
+ Membrane Proteins and Their Functions
+ The Role of Membrane Carbohydrates in Cell-Cell Recognition
+ Synthesis and Sidedness of Membranes
+
+
+
8.2 Membrane structure results in
selective permeability
+ The Permeability of the Lipid Bilayer
+ Transport Proteins
+
+
+
+
8.3 Passive transport is diffusion of
a substance across a membrane
with no energy investment
+ Effects of Osmosis on Water Balance
+ *Water Balance of Cells Without Cell Walls
+ *Water Balance of Cells with Cell Walls
+ Facilitated Diffusion: Passive Transport Aided by Proteins
+
+
+
+
8.4 Active transport uses energy
to move solutes against their
gradients
+ The Need for Energy in Active Transport
+ How Ion Pumps Maintain Membrane Potential
+ Cotransport: Coupled Transport by a Membrane Protein
+
+
+
8.5 Bulk transport across the plasma
membrane occurs by exocytosis
and endocytosis
-
+ Exocytosis
+ Endocytosis
+
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細胞傳訊
+ Cellular Messaging
9.1 External signals are converted
to responses within the cell
+ Evolution of Cell Signaling
+ local and long-Distance Signaling
+ The Three Stages of Cell Signaling: A Preview
+
+
+
9.2 Reception: A signaling molecule
binds to a receptor protein,
causing it to change shape
+ Receptors in the Plasma membrane
+ intracellular Receptors
+
+
+
+
9.3 Transduction: Cascades of
molecular interactions relay
signals from receptors to target
molecules in the cell
+ Signal Transduction Pathways
+ Protein Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylation
+ Small molecules and ions as Second messengers
+ *Cyclic AMP
+ *Calcium Ions and Inositol Trisphosphate (IP3)
+ *
+
9.4 Response: Cell signaling leads
to regulation of transcription
or cytoplasmic activities
+ nuclear and Cytoplasmic Responses
+ Regulation of the Response
+ *Signal Amplification
+ The Specificity of Cell Signaling and Coordination of the Response
+ *Signaling Efficiency: Scaffolding Proteins and Signaling Complexes
+ *Termination of the Signal
+
+
+
+
9.5 Apoptosis integrates multiple
cell-signaling pathways
+ Apoptosis in the Soil Worm Caenorhabditis elegans
+ Apoptotic Pathways and the Signals That Trigger Them
+ 細胞呼吸
+ Life Is Work
- 細胞呼吸10.1 Catabolic pathways yield energy
+ 10.1 Catabolic pathways yield energy
by oxidizing organic fuels
+ Catabolic Pathways and Production of ATP
+ Redox Reactions: Oxidation and Reduction
+ *The Principle of Redox
+ *Oxidation of Organic Fuel Molecules During Cellular Respiration
+ *Stepwise Energy Harvest via NAD+ and the Electron Transport Chain
+ The Stages of Cellular Respiration: A Preview
+
+
+
10.2 Glycolysis harvests chemical
energy by oxidizing glucose
to pyruvate
+
+
+
+
+
10.3 After pyruvate is oxidized,
the citric acid cycle completes
the energy-yielding oxidation
of organic molecules
+ Oxidation of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA
+ The Citric Acid Cycle
+
+
+
10.4 During oxidative phosphorylation,
chemiosmosis couples electron
transport to ATP synthesis
+ The Pathway of Electron Transport
+ Chemiosmosis: The Energy-Coupling Mechanism
+ An Accounting of ATP Production by Cellular Respiration
+
10.5 Fermentation and anaerobic
respiration enable cells to produce
ATP without the use of oxygen
+ Types of Fermentation
+ Comparing Fermentation with Anaerobic and Aerobic Respiration
+ The Evolutionary Significance of Glycolysis
+
+
10.6 Glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
connect to many other metabolic
pathways
+ The Versatility of Catabolism
+ Biosynthesis (Anabolic Pathways)
+ Regulation of Cellular Respiration via Feedback Mechanisms
+
+
+
+
+
光合作用
+ the process that Feeds the Biosphere
11.1 Photosynthesis converts light
energy to the chemical energy
of food
+ Chloroplasts: The Sites of Photosynthesis in Plants
+ Tracking Atoms Through Photosynthesis: Scientific Inquiry
+ *The Splitting of Water
+ *Photosynthesis as a Redox Process
+ The Two Stages of Photosynthesis: A Preview
+
+
+
11.2 The light reactions convert solar
energy to the chemical energy
of ATP and NADPH
+ The Nature of Sunlight
+ Photosynthetic Pigments: The Light Receptors
+ Excitation of Chlorophyll by Light
+ A Photosystem: A Reaction-Center Complex Associated with Light-Harvesting Complexes
+ Linear Electron Flow
+ Cyclic Electron Flow
+ A Comparison of Chemiosmosis in Chloroplasts and Mitochondria
+
+
+
11.3 The Calvin cycle uses the
chemical energy of ATP and
NADPH to reduce CO2 to sugar
+ Phase 1: Carbon fixation.
+ Phase 2: Reduction
+ Phase 3: Regeneration of the CO2 acceptor (RuBP)
+
+
+
+
+
+
11.4 Alternative mechanisms of
carbon fixation have evolved
in hot, arid climates
+ Photorespiration: An Evolutionary Relic?
+ C4 Plants
+ CAM Plants
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
11.5 Life depends on photosynthesis
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有絲分裂
+ the Key Roles of Cell Division
+
12.1 Most cell division results in
genetically identical daughter cells
+ Cellular Organization of the Genetic Material
+ Distribution of Chromosomes During Eukaryotic Cell Division
+
+
+
+
+
+
12.2 The mitotic phase alternates
with interphase in the cell cycle
+ Phases of the Cell Cycle
+ The Mitotic Spindle: A Closer Look
+ Cytokinesis: A Closer Look
+ Binary Fission in Bacteria
+ The Evolution of Mitosis
+
+
+
+
+
12.3 The eukaryotic cell cycle is
regulated by a molecular
control system
-
+ The Cell Cycle Control System
+ * The Cell Cycle Clock: Cyclins and Cyclin-Dependent Kinases
+ * Stop and Go Signs: Internal and External Signals at the Checkpoints
+ Loss of Cell Cycle Controls in Cancer Cells
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| 2019-07-10 22:07 – 22:09 | r4 – r28 | |
顯示 diff（2 行未修改）
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+ 細胞的結構和功能
Biologists use microscopes
and biochemistry to study cells
（19 行未修改）
7.8 A cell is greater than the sum
of its parts
+
+
+ 細胞膜
+ 8.1 Cellular membranes are fluid
+ mosaics of lipids and proteins
+ 8.2 Membrane structure results in
+ selective permeability
+ 8.3 Passive transport is diffusion of
+ a substance across a membrane
+ with no energy investment
+ 8.4 Active transport uses energy
+ to move solutes against their
+ gradients
+ 8.5 Bulk transport across the plasma
+ membrane occurs by exocytosis
+ and endocytosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 細胞傳訊
+ 9.1 External signals are converted
+ to responses within the cell
+ 9.2 Reception: A signaling molecule
+ binds to a receptor protein,
+ causing it to change shape
+ 9.3 Transduction: Cascades of
+ molecular interactions relay
+ signals from receptors to target
+ molecules in the cell
+ 9.4 Response: Cell signaling leads
+ to regulation of transcription
+ or cytoplasmic activities
+ 9.5 Apoptosis integrates multiple
+ cell-signaling pathways
+
+
+
+
+ 細胞呼吸10.1 Catabolic pathways yield energy
+ by oxidizing organic fuels
+ 10.2 Glycolysis harvests chemical
+ energy by oxidizing glucose
+ to pyruvate
+ 10.3 After pyruvate is oxidized,
+ the citric acid cycle completes
+ the energy-yielding oxidation
+ of organic molecules
+ 10.4 During oxidative phosphorylation,
+ chemiosmosis couples electron
+ transport to ATP synthesis
+ 10.5 Fermentation and anaerobic
+ respiration enable cells to produce
+ ATP without the use of oxygen
+ 10.6 Glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
+ connect to many other metabolic
+ pathways
+
+
+ 光合作用
+ 11.1 Photosynthesis converts light
+ energy to the chemical energy
+ of food
+ 11.2 The light reactions convert solar
+ energy to the chemical energy
+ of ATP and NADPH
+ 11.3 The Calvin cycle uses the
+ chemical energy of ATP and
+ NADPH to reduce CO2 to sugar
+ 11.4 Alternative mechanisms of
+ carbon fixation have evolved
+ in hot, arid climates
+ 11.5 Life depends on photosynthesis
+
+
+
+ 有絲分裂
+ 12.1 Most cell division results in
+ genetically identical daughter cells
+ 12.2 The mitotic phase alternates
+ with interphase in the cell cycle
+ 12.3 The eukaryotic cell cycle is
+ regulated by a molecular
+ control system
+
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| 2019-07-10 22:07 | r3 | |
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| 2019-07-10 22:07 – 22:07 | r1 – r2 | |
顯示 diff- Untitled
+ 細胞生物學
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+
+ Biologists use microscopes
+ and biochemistry to study cells
+ 7.2 Eukaryotic cells have internal
+ membranes that compartmentalize
+ their functions
+ 7.3 The eukaryotic cell’s genetic
+ instructions are housed in the
+ nucleus and carried out by the
+ ribosomes
+ 7.4 The endomembrane system
+ regulates protein traffic and
+ performs metabolic functions
+ 7.5 Mitochondria and chloroplasts
+ change energy from one form
+ to another
+ 7.6 The cytoskeleton is a network of
+ fibers that organizes structures
+ and activities in the cell
+ 7.7 Extracellular components and
+ connections between cells help
+ coordinate cellular activities
+ 7.8 A cell is greater than the sum
+ of its parts
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| 2019-07-10 22:07 | r0 | |
顯示 diff+ Untitled
+ This pad text is synchronized as you type, so that everyone viewing this page sees the same text. This allows you to collaborate seamlessly on documents!
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